BSES (Bureau of Sugar Experimentation Stations)
has a large sugar cane research facility at Meringa near Gordonvale
in Far North Queensland. Many specialised experiments are carried
out at this facility with the aim of improving the productivity
of the sugar industry in Queensland.
One of the specialised facilities
at this site is the PPF (Photo-Period Facility). This facility
is capable of controlling the length of each day for a small
quantity of sugar cane grown under set day length conditions.
While the original PPF has been in service for many years now,
several years ago it was decided that another PPF facility was
required at this site.
Jackson & Jackson was selected to
provide the mechanical and electrical services for this interesting
project.
The air conditioning for this project is based
on split-ducted, reverse cycle systems. Each chamber is fitting
with an individual air conditioning system to allow for heating
or cooling temperature control to maintain the temperature depending
to the set point required. The temperature sensing is carried
out at three separate levels in the chamber and averaged to take
into account any temperature gradient present within the chamber.
The lighting in each chamber was selected to provide
ambient lighting similar to natural daylight at the beginning
and end of each day. The lighting consists of a combination of
fluorescent and incandescent light fittings.
The roller doors
for each chamber are automatically raised at the required time
each morning before the tram is winched out. In the evening the
doors are lowered after the tram is parked back in the chamber.
Infra-red beam sensors are utilised to ensure that the doorway
is clear before the door is lowered.
Each of the cane trolleys
is automatically winched from its respective chamber and into
the daylight at the calculated time each morning. In the evening
the tram is winched back into its chamber at the calculated time.
The lighting is switched on or off by the control system as necessary
to achieve the required day length. Each individual chamber is
equipped with an electric winch wound with steel cable to manoeuvre
the tram from each end with a pulley arrangement. Each chamber
has a tram track of varying length to allow each tram to receive
full sunlight during the day. Electric limit switches are installed
at each end of the tram track to stop the winch at the required
place.
As each tram reaches the end of its track an irrigation
coupler engages to the irrigation station which is fitted with
a solenoid to allow for control of the irrigation system. Each
tram is irrigated a number of times during the day according
to its schedule. The irrigation coupler disconnects as the tram
begins its journey into its respective chamber each evening.
The control system for each of the PPF facilities
is made up of a number of Innotech Genesis II DDC controls. This
control system calculates the almanac sunrise and sunset each
day and controls all the functions of the facility including
the lighting, air conditioning, roller doors, winches, irrigation,
data-logging and alarms. A wind-speed sensor is installed to
monitor the ambient wind-speed. If the wind-speed exceeds a pre-determined
set-point all the trams are winched into the chambers and the
doors closed to protect the sugar cane. This powerful control
system allows the facility to be completely automatic in operation.
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